As quantum computing moves from a theoretical curiosity to a commercial reality, it will be a paradigm shift for cybersecurity, advanced modeling and simulation, and artificial intelligence. But how close are we to this quantum paradigm shift? What are the primary national security and policy concerns for quantum computing? Which nations are leading quantum computing advancement, and which risk getting left behind? How can the U.S. help overcome the challenges holding back quantum computing?
To answer these questions, this NSDPI paper assesses the global state of quantum computing through the lens of national security. Analyzing global progress, competition, and challenges in quantum computing, this article prepares policymakers to navigate the quantum computing era.
Key takeaways include:
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Key challenges facing quantum computing include rigorous environment requirements for component manufacturing and operation, high entry and equipment costs, and a widespread workforce shortage of trained quantum computing scientists and engineers.
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A major national security risk of quantum computing is its ability to dramatically improve encryption-breaking capabilities. This makes it critical for sensitive data to be encrypted by quantum resistant algorithms before quantum decryption becomes commonplace.
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To ensure quantum computing can interface with existing communication architecture, it is essential that the U.S. government continue to provide support and incentives for interoperability as quantum computing matures and production volumes increase.
To learn more about the state of quantum computing and how it will evolve, read the white paper.